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4.10.22

yom kippur.

 Yom Kippur. For those people who find fasting impossible, I should mention that half amounts are better than full amounts.  What is a half?  For food it is anything less than a volume of an olive [within a dividing interval of about 4 minutes]. For drink it is less than the amount one can hold in one cheek. [the interval between sips is much less to the Raavad. It is about 10 seconds.]

Since the main idea of Yom Kippur is repentance I think that one ought to make a commitment to learn Musar [i.e., works on ethics from the Middle Ages] 

[There are four major works, but about thirty of the less well studied. Then also there are the books of the disciples of Rav Israel Salanter .] [''Musar'' became synonymous with religious fanaticism after the first generation--but religious fanaticism is a mistake..]

  Most Rishonim and Rav Hai Geon hold the night begins after 72 minutes.  [18 is 3/4 of a mil if you hold a mil is 24 minutes. It also might make sense from the ''three stars''.] [The Gra says the night starts at 3/4 of a mil which is either 13 minutes or 18 minutes. But that is the opinion of a minority of rishonim]